Python 文件操作指南

基本文件读写

读取和写入文件的基础操作。

def read_file_content(filename):
    with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        content = file.read()
        return content

def write_to_file(filename, content):
    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        file.write(content)

def append_to_file(filename, content):
    with open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        file.write(content)

文件读取模式

按不同方式读取文件内容。

def read_file_by_lines(filename):
    with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        for line in file:
            yield line.strip()

def read_file_chunk(filename, chunk_size=1024):
    with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
        while True:
            chunk = file.read(chunk_size)
            if not chunk:
                break
            yield chunk

文件指针操作

控制文件读写位置。

def modify_file_content(filename):
    with open(filename, 'r+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        file.seek(0)
        content = file.read()
        file.seek(0)
        file.write(content.upper())
        file.truncate()

文件路径处理

使用 os 模块处理文件路径。

import os

def process_directory(directory_path):
    if not os.path.exists(directory_path):
        os.makedirs(directory_path)

    file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, "sumingcheng.txt")
    return os.path.abspath(file_path)

文件复制与移动

使用 shutil 模块操作文件。

import shutil

def backup_file(source_path, backup_dir):
    if not os.path.exists(backup_dir):
        os.makedirs(backup_dir)

    backup_path = os.path.join(backup_dir,
        f"{os.path.basename(source_path)}.bak")
    shutil.copy2(source_path, backup_path)
    return backup_path

目录遍历实现

遍历目录中的文件和子目录。

def scan_directory(directory_path):
    results = {
        "files": [],
        "directories": [],
        "total_size": 0
    }

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory_path):
        for name in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, name)
            results["files"].append(file_path)
            results["total_size"] += os.path.getsize(file_path)

        for name in dirs:
            dir_path = os.path.join(root, name)
            results["directories"].append(dir_path)

    return results

文件监控

监控文件变化。

import time

def monitor_file_changes(filename, interval=1):
    last_mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)

    while True:
        current_mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
        if current_mtime != last_mtime:
            yield "File modified"
            last_mtime = current_mtime
        time.sleep(interval)

安全文件操作

处理文件操作中的异常情况。

def safe_file_operation(filename, operation):
    try:
        with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as file:
            return operation(file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return "文件不存在"
    except PermissionError:
        return "没有操作权限"
    except Exception as error:
        return f"操作失败{str(error)}"